How to Capture Desktop Screenshots in Python

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import mss
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with mss.mss() as sct:
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    # Capture the entire screen
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    screenshot = sct.grab(sct.monitors[0])
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    # Save to file
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    mss.tools.to_png(screenshot.rgb, screenshot.size, output='screenshot.png')

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import dxcam
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camera = dxcam.create()
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frame = camera.grab()  # Returns numpy array
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# Or continuous capture
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camera.start(target_fps=60)
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# ... frames available via camera.get_latest_frame()
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camera.stop()

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import pyautogui
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# Full screen
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screenshot = pyautogui.screenshot()
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screenshot.save('screenshot.png')
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# Specific region
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region_shot = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(0, 0, 500, 500))

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import mss
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with mss.mss() as sct:
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    # List all monitors
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    for i, monitor in enumerate(sct.monitors):
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        print(f"Monitor {i}: {monitor}")
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    # Capture specific monitor (1 = first monitor)
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    monitor_1 = sct.grab(sct.monitors[1])
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    # Capture all monitors combined
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    all_monitors = sct.grab(sct.monitors[0])

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import dxcam
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# List available outputs
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outputs = dxcam.device_info()
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# Create camera for specific monitor
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camera = dxcam.create(output_idx=0)  # First monitor

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import mss
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with mss.mss() as sct:
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    region = {
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        'left': 100,
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        'top': 100,
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        'width': 500,
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        'height': 500
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    }
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    screenshot = sct.grab(region)

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import dxcam
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camera = dxcam.create()
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frame = camera.grab(region=(100, 100, 600, 600))  # left, top, right, bottom

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import pyautogui
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# region = (left, top, width, height)
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screenshot = pyautogui.screenshot(region=(100, 100, 500, 500))

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import dxcam
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import time
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camera = dxcam.create(output_color="BGR")
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camera.start(target_fps=60)
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frames = []
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start = time.time()
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while time.time() - start < 5:  # Record for 5 seconds
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    frame = camera.get_latest_frame()
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    if frame is not None:
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        frames.append(frame)
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camera.stop()
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print(f"Captured {len(frames)} frames")

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import mss
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import time
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frames = []
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start = time.time()
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with mss.mss() as sct:
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    monitor = sct.monitors[1]
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    while time.time() - start < 5:
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        frame = sct.grab(monitor)
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        frames.append(frame)
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print(f"Captured {len(frames)} frames")

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import mss
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from PIL import Image
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with mss.mss() as sct:
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    screenshot = sct.grab(sct.monitors[1])
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    img = Image.frombytes('RGB', screenshot.size, screenshot.bgra, 'raw', 'BGRX')
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    img.save('screenshot.png')

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import mss
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import numpy as np
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with mss.mss() as sct:
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    screenshot = sct.grab(sct.monitors[1])
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    img_array = np.array(screenshot)  # BGRA format

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import dxcam
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camera = dxcam.create(output_color="RGB")  # or "BGR" for OpenCV
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frame = camera.grab()  # Returns numpy array

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Need high FPS (gaming/streaming)?
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├── Yes → Use dxcam (Windows only)
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└── No
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    ├── Cross-platform needed?
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    │   ├── Yes → Use mss
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    │   └── No
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    │       ├── Already using PIL? → Use ImageGrab
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    │       └── Want automation? → Use pyautogui